By CLIFF DUNN
BAGHDAD, IRAQ – A city that was once rocked by the shock and awe of artillery shells and roadside bombs has been transformed into a gauntlet of intimidation and death for Iraq’s gay and “alternative” teens and young men, with a recent wave of murders and terror directed at Baghdad’s gay men as well as teenagers who wear fashion styles associated with emo, goth, and other alternative scenes.
The murders, which the Iraqi press has dubbed the “emo killings,” reportedly began just two weeks ago, when security officials found the bodies of six young men whose skulls had been crushed by cement blocks.
Since then, contradictions in the reporting have made it difficult to determine the exact number of victims, with Reuters reporting a death toll of 14 or more—based upon data supplied by Baghdad security and hospital officials—and the New York-based International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission, said that a “new surge of anti-gay violence” has resulted in nearly 40 gay men being kidnapped, tortured, and murdered, although no evidence has been provided to support that number.
The violence highlights—at a time when the country is attempting to show that it can control its own internal security— ongoing attacks and intimidation against minority ethnic groups, religious sects, and vulnerable groups, including gays.
The targets of the violence have been associated with the western “emo” style of fashion and music, although it has received a uniquely Iraqi twist, which includes Goth, punk, and other elements. “Emo” originated in the 1980s during the American hardcore punk movement, and was original known as “emotional hardcore.”
Musically, emo is characterized by melodic musicianship and expressive, often confessional lyrics. In Western youth culture, the term refers to appearance and musical preference, but carries no suggestion of a person’s sexual orientation.
The emo style gained popularity among Iraqi youths as a sign of greater cultural and social freedom following years of oppression under Saddam Hussein and the subsequent violence and warfare which followed his overthrow. Emo, however, is hugely unpopular among the nation’s social and religious conservatives, who equate it with effeminacy and homosexuality. In addition, there are elements of the Iraqi government who consider the style as western decadence and a public menace.
In a March 8 statement, the Iraq interior ministry denied that the killings were related to the emo phenomenon, or that they were anti-gay in motivation, but rather had been committed for “revenge, or social, criminal, political or cultural reasons.”
That contradicts a Feb. 13 statement on the ministry Web site, in which officials describe emos as “devil worshippers” whose signature nose rings, skull-print t-shirts, and dark clothing are marks of Satan. That statement said, chillingly, that police “have official approval to eliminate them as soon as possible, because the dimensions of the community began to take another course, and is now threatening danger.”
In addition, since February threatening fliers have begun to appear in Baghdad’s Shiite neighborhoods. One leaflet, which was scanned and posted online, identifies dozens of gay men by their names, addressing individuals it refers to as “Mohammed the Flower,” “Allawi the Bra,” and others.
“Your fate will be death if you don’t quit doing this,” warns the text on one flier. “Punishment will be tougher and tougher, you gays. Don’t be like the people of Lot,” a reference to the biblical figure associated with Sodom and Gomorrah.
Another leaflet specifically warns emo youths to reform their musical and style choices, including cutting their hair and eschewing certain dark and tight-fitting clothing. “God’s punishment will be come down upon you,” the flier vows. Human rights groups lay responsibility for the anti-gay and anti-emo violence on Shiite militias and radical religious groups.
Last week, the leader of one of the most prominent of these groups, Moktada al-Sadr of the Mahdi Army, told the Iraqi news channel Al Sumaria that emo teens are “unnatural,” but that they should be dealt with by legal methods, and denied responsibility for the violence or threats.
Some religious leaders have condemned the violence. Mohammed al-Yaqoubi, a Shiite cleric, decried the bloodshed and said that emo teens should be given “advice, guidance, and knowledge.”
In the meantime, Baghdad’s evenings ring with the Muslim call to prayer heard alongside threats of violence and neighbors chanting “Block! Block! Block!” a reference to the use of cement blocks as weapons against the city’s defenseless gays and emo teens.
Frightened youths, who have posted the threatening fliers online, have also identified at least one of the victims of the homophobic, homicidal violence.
Saif Raad Asmar Abboudi, 20, was beaten to death with a brick on Feb. 17. Police have not identified a suspect, according to a report by Iraqi LGBT, a Londonbased advocacy group. In photos circulated by Iraqi LGBT youths, Abboudi appears in one wearing a white jacket, dark aviator sunglasses, and perfectly-styled hair. In another, his bloody and distorted face stares upward from the bed of a police truck.
“I think he was killed because of the way he was dressed,” a former teacher of his told the Washington Post. “People used to call him Saif the bride.”